Getting Colorful (Tutorial #5)

Part One: Working with Some Basic Colors


1. Click on File--New and and create a new image 800x800.

2. If you look at the Toolbox, you'll see that your foreground and background colors are currently set to black and white.

3. Let's look a bit more closely at the colors icon:

4. The foreground color (black) is represented by the square on top. The background color (white) is represented by the square the bottom. The right angle arrow allows you to switch the foreground and background color. Try clicking on it. You'll see this:

5. Now your foreground color is white and your background color is black. Notice that the small squares in the left hand lower corner have not changed. This always stay the same because they represent the default colors for the program. Whenever you make changes to the colors you can quickly return to the default black on white colors by clicking on the small squares. Try that now if you would like.

6. There are many more colors in the world than black and white though, aren't there. So let's change to some "real" colors. Click on the foreground color square. The Change Foreground Color dialog window will open. Yours will not look exactly the same as mine since I have previously used some different colors, but here is what mine looks like:

7. There a lot of options for changing your color here. Let's start with the most simple. There is a set of icons near the upper left of the Color Dialog window. Click on the last icon in that row:

8. When you click on the icon you'll see this dialog window. It offers a quick and easy way to choose from the most basic colors and from shades of gray:

9. In the box of color bars on the left, click on the blue bar. Click on OK to set this as the new foreground color.

10. Click on the square for the background color in the Toolbox. In the Color Dialog window, if the simple color change window isn't already showing, click on the icon to go back to it.. This time click on the red bar, then click on OK to set the background color to red.

11. Use the rectangle select tool to draw a rectangle or square in your image. Click on the Bucket Fill icon, then click in the selection to fill it with your foreground color.

12. Go back to the rectangle select tool and create and new selection that overlaps one corner of the first selection.

13. In the Toolbox, click the arrow to switch the foreground and background colors, then use the Bucket Fill tool to fill the second selection. Notice that the first selection is in front of the second selection.

14. Go to a new area of your image and create a selection in a different proportion or size from what you've done before. Fill it with either the background or foreground color--your choice. Overlap another selection with this one and fill it with the opposite color. Mine is looking like this right now:

 

15. Using the steps you learned above, change your foreground and background colors to something new. Using this colors, add some more colored squares to your image. You may also want to try out the Ellipse Select tool and add some circles or ellipses. You can also go back and re-select your original color choices or other colors to try out. My image now looks like this:

16. Just for fun, let's change the background (white area of the image) to a pattern. In the Toolbox, click to choose Pattern Fill, then click on the box showing the current pattern to open the full list of patterns. Click on the magnifying glass there to make the samples large enough to see, and choose one. Using the Bucket Fill tool click anywhere on the white part of the image to fill it with the pattern. If you don't like what you see, click Edit--Undo and try another pattern.

17. My image now looks like this:

Take a break, have some coffee and pie, and then we'll go a little further into colors.

Part Two: Making Custom Colors Using the Triangle Color Selector and Understanding RGB

1. Open a new image 1000x1000. We'll be making an abstract image in autumn colors this time, so we'll have to customize some colors to fit the bill.


2. In the Toolbox, reset your foreground and background color to the default black and white by clicking on the small black/white squares below the large square icons for foreground/background colors. Then, click on the foreground color icon in the toolbox to change the color.

3. In the Change Foreground Color dialog box that pops up, click on the icon in the row at top left that looks like a circle with a triangle in the center.

4. You should see this version of the Change Color dialog box now:

5. We need to take a minute now to define some terms and abbreviations and to identify the controls you see here.

6. This square is the Triangle Color Selector:

7. Just below the Triangle Color Selector, you can see two color bars. These simply show you what current color you have created compared to the color you started with.

Right now both bars are showing as black, but you'll see the current color bar change as you make adjustments.

8. This area shows you a history of the colors you've used recently:

The arrow button in the history allows you to add a new color to the history from what you have set in the dialog box. Colors you create and use will be automatically saved to the history.

9. At the upper right of the dialog box, you will see a set of six sliders:

10. For now, we'll just talk about the last three sliders, R,G, and B. The letters stand for Red, Green, and Blue. These are the three colors that a computer uses to create all of the basic colors it can display.
(I've borrowed the image below from the Wikipedia article on the RGB Color Model. If you want  to learn more about color theory using RGB, you should go have a look at the article and/or other articles that you can find in Wikipedia by searching for RGB.)
The image shows you how Red, Green, and Blue combine to make colors:

9. These are all bright "rainbowy" colors, so to get the colors for an autumn look, we will be working with HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value), but in an indirect/intuitive way for now.

10.  Start by setting your color to red by clicking on the far right end of the R slider. You should get this result:

The current color bar is now red. The numbers beside your HSV/RGB sliders are now 0 for hue (that represents the color red), 100 for saturation and value which is the maximum and shows that you've selected a pure red, 255 for R which is the maximum value you can set for a color, and 0 for G & B since we have not added any amount of green or blue to the color. (You can also set these values by typing any number from 0-256 in the number box beside the slider for R, G, or B.

You are now set to what I call a pure red.

Notice the HTML notation for this color. Every color has a specific HTML color notation that uses a six-digit code with possible digits of 0-9 and a-f. Red is represented by ff0000, as you can see here. White would be ffffff since it is a combination of all colors, as you saw in the Venn diagram. Black would be 000000 since it is the absence of any color.

11. Let's move away from this red color to create a nice autumnal orange.

12. In the Triangle Color Selector, click on an area of the circle between yellow and red to get an orange color. I got this color, which is a nice orange, but doesn't really say autumn to me:

13. Remember the HTML Notation for your first orange so you can return to it if need be, then experiment to get a better autumn leaf orange by clicking in the triangle, and or the different sliders. After several tries, I just lowered the Value slightly to get a color that suited me.

14. Click on OK to close the dialog box when you have a color that suits you, then click on the icon for your background color in the Toolbox. We'll set it to a maroon color for now.

15. Return to pure red by resetting your slider values as shown:

16. From here we should be able to pretty easily create the nice maroon color that some autumn leaves take on. You can experiment or just use these settings that I came up with after experimenting. I ended up clicking on a part of the actual triangle in the Triangle Color Selector to get this shade of maroon:

17. Click OK to close the dialog box when you're happy with your maroon color and we'll start working on our image with the two colors we have created so far. This is still going to be a simple abstract image along the lines of what we created in the first part of this tutorial.

18. Create a few rectangle and ellipse selections, and as you create them, use the bucket fill to fill them with one color, and then the other. (Remember you will need to click on the bent arrow to change from foreground to background color for the Bucket Fill tool. I decided to work toward a sort of abstract tree so I've used all ellipses and left room for other colors we'll be setting. I've now got this for an image:

19. Let's change our foreground and background colors now. You know the drill, so go ahead and experiment to create a dark green and a brown. I went back and forth between the first two colors and these two new ones using the color history in the dialog box, the created a random blue for my background. Before you add the blue background look under Layers in your Menu Bar and flatten the layers if need be. My final image looks like this:

It's very simple and looks kind of like it's made out of gum balls, but we may come back to it later and use some other tools to make it look better. I hope you like the one you made.

Angel in Distress: Creating Something from Nothing (Tutorial #4)

NOTE: This tutorial throws you into using a lot of different tools you have not learned about in detail yet. If you would like, complete the tutorials after this one to learn about those tools and then come back to this tutorial.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In GIMP, you can create an image from a blank canvas using some of the tools, mainly those in the Filters menu.

I have found that these abstract images sometimes look like something specific to me, and when I see that in an image, I'll work to enhance it as what I think I see. This tutorial is an example of that kind of experimenting.

The image we will be creating will look like this when we're done:

1. To set up your new blank image, click on File--New from the Menu Bar. This dialog box will pop up:

2. Type 640 and 640 into the Width and Height boxes, and click OK.

3. You'll now see a white square with a border of dashed lines on your screen. This is your new image...which is just a blank white canvas right now.

4. We are going to use a filter to create an initial image on the canvas. Click on Filters--Render--Nature--Flame. This dialog box will open.

5. The resulting image will look like this. If it doesn't close the image, open another new image and try again. I found in repeating the image creation process I got a different result about 2 out of 3 times even those I always used the same settings as shown above. Filters are like that, and this one is actually more cooperative than most.

Once you like the way your flame looks, click on File--Save As and save the file as Angel_Step_Five, or any other name that suits you. You just want to be able to easily go back to this version if you need to leave the computer or need to return to it at a later time. Frequent back-ups of this type are important even though you do also have the option of Edit--Undo. Be sure you're using File--Save As each time, not File--Save. You don't want to save over a previous version.

6. I looked at this sideways and felt like I had a roughly human figure in there, so I decided to rotate the image to put the "head" on top. Click Image--Transform--Rotate 90% Clockwise to rotate your image. If all is going well it should look at least similar to this image:

Do a File--Save As to save this change to the image. Maybe call it Angel_Step_6.jpg. I'll stop reminding you to do this at ever step along the way, but do continue to use File--Save As frequently.

7. Let's get a black background going here to pop out the image we have so far. Click on the icon for the Fuzzy Select tool in the Toolbox and set your settings as shown below:

8. This will put a lot of dotted selection lines in your image since you're selected out colors in the image that you probably can't even see with you're naked eye. Next we want to fill the selected area in black. Click on the icon for the Bucket Fill tool in the Toolbox.

9. The Bucket Fill tool is going to automatically be set to black since that's what your current foreground color is. You see your foreground and background colors represented in the Toolbox by this image. Right now your foreground color is black and your background color is white.

10. Click in the upper right hand corner of your image to fill with black. Here's an image of the results:

11. Next we'll get started on the brick background by increasing the canvas size of the image. Click on Image--Canvas Size. You'll see this dialog box:

Change your settings in the dialog box to the settings you see in the image. You'll be increasing your canvas size from 640x640 to 800x800, centering the original image horizontally on the canvas, and offsetting the image vertically to put the extra canvas space at the top by using these settings. NOTE: When you save your image at this point and at some other points along the way it may ask you to export the image to save it in JPG format. This is because, although you aren't aware you did it, you've added a layer to the image and JPG doesn't support layers. Anyway, just click on Export and you'll be able to save the image.



12. Your image will now look like this:

13. The checkerboard area for the enlarged canvas is not ready to be used yet so we need to fix that. Also, this will give you your first experience working with layers.

14. First we need to select the checkerboard area. At this point the image inside the checkerboard is selected, so all we have to do is invert that selection to select what is not select and deselect what is selected. Click on Select--Invert Selection. You can see that the checkerboard area is now selected because there is a dotted selection line around the outside of it as well as along the edges of the main image.

15. In the Toolbox, click on the icon to open the layers dialog in the bottom half of the toolbox. The icon looks like this:

16. The Layer Dialog looks like this:

17. You just have one layer at this time--the one with your image on it, as shown here:

It shows as the Background Layer, which means it will be locked in place as the bottom layer and will not be visible when you add new layers. To unlock it click on the chain link icon beside it.

18. At the bottom of the Layers Dialog you will see this icon:

This is the button to create a new layer. Click on it.

19. You'll see this dialog box:

20. Keep the width and height the same since they match the canvas size, but change the Layer Fill Type to Transparency. Click on OK. Your image will look the same, but the checkerboard area is now an active part of the image.

21. Your layers dialog box now shows two layers:

21. We need to move the new layer (the canvas) below the background image (the image of the angel). To do this, just click and drag the bar for the background layer above the other layer. Your layers dialog now looks like this:

22. Next we'll fill the new layer with the brick texture. Click on the Bucket Fill Tool icon in the Toolbox. It looks like this:

23. Click on the tool options dialog icon in the middle of the Toolbox. Looks like this:

24. You can now see the options for the Bucket Fill Tool in the bottom half of the Toolbox:

25. We'll be using a pattern fill, so click on the radio button beside that option to select it.

26. The Pine pattern is showing currently, but there are many textures to choose from. Click on the Pine picture to pop open the pictures of other textures. The pics are very small, so click on the zoom in icon (magnifying glass with a + in it) several times to enlarge them. When you have them large enough to see, scroll until you find the brick pattern and click on it.

27. Click on the checkerboard area of your image to fill it with the brick texture. Your image now looks like this:

28. Time to add the text! Click on the icon for the Text Tool in the upper half of the Toolbox. You should now see the Text Dialog in the bottom half of the Toolbox (If not click on the first dialog icon in the middle of the Toolbox to go back to the specific tool settings dialog:

29. We need to change the color of the text. You can click either on the foreground choice in the Foreground/Background tool in the top of the Toolbox or the color box shown in the Text Dialog in the bottom half of the toolbox. This dialog box will open:

30. Change your settings for H,S,V, R, G and B to what is shown here and click OK.

31.You may not want to use the title, "Angel in Distress" at this point since your image may not look quite like the one at the beginning of this post. Mine has come out differently and I think I'll now call it "Madonna with Child". That's what can happen when you're building an image starting with a filter.

32. OK, next you need to set the font you'll be using. Click on the icon next to the box showing the capital letter A and lower case a:

33. A list of all the available fonts will open:

34. I used Eras Demi ITC, but feel free to choose any font you like.

35. Change to font size in the Text Dialog to 64.

36. OK, your Toolbox should now look like this (possibly with a different font):

37. Everything look OK? Then you're ready to click above the image on the brick background to start entering your text. When you click, you'll see the Text Editor box open up near the bottom of the screen:

38. Click on the check box next to "Use selected font" and type your text. It will appear on the image and in the Text Editor. If it is out of place on the image, don't worry--you can move it in a minute.

39. Don't like your font now? Click on Clear in the Text Editor, close the Text Editor by clicking on the close button, change your font and/or font size in the Toolbox, and click on the image to have another go at it. I changed mine to Serif Bold Italic at a font size of 56. (If you close the Text Editor before noticing you don't like the font, just use Edit--Undo from the Menu Bar to back up a step. Close the Text Editor when you're done.

40. To move your text to where you want it on the image, click on any letter and drag the text into position. This a good time to save your image. You've got a new text layer there, so you will be asked to export the image to save it in JPG format, and again, just click on Export and move on through to save it.

41. My image now looks like this:

42. Looks good to me, but I still want the text to be prettier, so let's work on that. Click on the icon for the Fuzzy Select Tool in the Toolbox. It looks like a magic wand. This will let us select items by color.

43. Zoom in on your image (View--Zoom in the Menu Bar, or raise the percentage in the status bar at the bottom of the window) so you can see the letters more clearly.

44. Click on the gold area the first letter to select it. The hold down the Shift key and click on each of the other letters to add them to the selection. Don't forget to click on the dot if you're using a lower case i.

45. Click on Filters--Light and Shadow--Drop Shadow. The default settings shown in the box that opens are better for a large area of an image than they are for something as small as letters, so change your settings to what I'm showing below:

46. Using a drop shadow is subtle, but helps make the text pop up from the image. Next we'll bevel the text.

47. Click on Filters--Decor--Add Bevel. In the dialog box, change your settings to match these:

48. Just a couple of more things, and we'll be done. Click on Select--None to de-select your text. My Toolbox has disappeared for some reason, so I use CTRL-B to get it back.

Remember how I stressed the importance of saving your work as you go along. I just accidentally closed my work without saving it and then found out that since I had stayed so busy saving the little screen captures for this tutorial that I hadn't saved the full image since...well almost never. I'm going to go cry for awhile, and then I'll figure out how I want to continue here. Serves me right, doesn't it?

54. OK, I'm back and have wiped my tears. Let's make this thing look like a poster hanging on a wall.

55. Click on the Rectangle Select Tool in the Toolbox and select the image with the black background--in other words, not the brick or the text.

56. Click on Filters--Light and Shadow--Drop Shadow. Change the settings to those shown below and click on OK:

My image now looks like this:

Actually, it has an annoying checkerboard edge along the bottom, but I'll get rid of that by selecting everything except the checkerboard and clicking Image--Crop to Selection.


57. Just the curled down corner to go. Click on Select--None, then select a rectangular area in the upper right hand corner of the black part of the image. I made mine this large:

58. Click on Filters--Distort--Pagecurl. Use the settings shown in the dialog box shown below:

59. Click OK, and you should see your image looking something like this:

60. You may have added in some extra layers as you've worked. To be sure we have everything on one layer for the next step, click on Layer--Merge Down in the Menu Bar.

61. The next tool we're going to use is the Free Select Tool. The icon in the Toolbox looks like this:

62. This tool works in a little bit different way from anything we've used so far. You will click, release, go to where you want your line (one edge of the selection) to end, click again, go to where you want to end the next edge, and so on until you re-connect to the original starting point. Then double-click to close the selection. When you move away you will have an annoying line following you. Click on something like the rectangle select tool in the Toolbox to get loose from the selection. (There's bound to be a better way to do this, but I haven't found it yet.) OK, that was complicated, but now we'll go one little bit at a time.


63. Click on the Free Select Tool icon in the Toolbox to activate it.


64. In your image, click just where the page curl starts in at the middle top of the black area. Release your mouse button.


65. As you now move your cursor, you'll have a line following you. Move so that it goes right along the page curl next to the black but continue all the way out to the edge of the brick. Then click there.


66. The line will still follow you. Move vertically up the outside edge of the brick until you get to the top of row of bricks that are above the black image, but below your text. Click there.

67. Now let the line follow you horizontally across that line at the top of the row of bricks and go a little past the place you started this selection. Click.


68. Bring the line down to your starting point and double-click there. Move outside the image and click on the Rectangle Select icon to get the line to quit following you.

69. Your image with the selection will look like this:

 
70. Click on the icon for the Bucket Fill Tool. Use the first icon of the Dialog Icons in the middle of the Toolbox to see the dialog for this tool.

71. Click on Pattern Fill and Fill Whole Selection.

72. Click on the image of the pattern that is showing to open the list of patterns, use the magnifying glass to zoom in, find the brick background and select it.

73. Click inside your selection on the image. Click on Select--None. Your image now looks like this:

C

Congratulations!! You're finished with what turned out to be a VERY tough tutorial!